Design of NLP-Based Chatbot for Academic Services at Politeknik Negeri Medan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62123/enigma.v3i2.163Keywords:
Natural Language Processing (NLP), Academic Service, Chatbot, Intent Classification, User-Centered Design, Higher EducationAbstract
The development of artificial intelligence technology has encouraged the use of chatbots in various sectors, including higher education. These chatbots can increase interaction, provide learning support, and facilitate the delivery of information automatically. This study aims to design a chatbot that functions as a virtual assistant in an educational environment, with an emphasis on increasing interaction between users and the system. The methods used include a systematic approach in designing interfaces, natural language processing (NLP), and testing the responsiveness of chatbots to user needs. From the literature review conducted, it is evident that chatbots make a positive contribution to learning motivation, student engagement, and the efficiency of the learning process, especially in the context of online learning. However, the current system is limited to predefined academic queries and does not yet handle complex academic advising, financial inquiries, or counseling support. The hope of this study is to provide guidance in developing educational chatbots that are effective, flexible, and able to adapt to user needs in the post-pandemic era.
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[12] M. D. La Roca, M. M. Chan, A. Garcia‐Cabot, E. Garcia‐Lopez, and H. Amado‐Salvatierra, “The impact of a chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement,” Computer Applications in Engineering Education, vol. 32, no. 5, p. e22750, 2024.
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[15] S. M. Ojetunde, “Learning from learners: a mixed-methods assessment of implementation of artificial intelligence curriculum at secondary schools,” EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 5, pp. 35–49, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.21303/2504-5571.2024.003458.
[16] S. N. Akinwalere and V. Ivanov, “Artificial intelligence in higher education: Challenges and opportunities,” Border Crossing, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 1, 2022.
[1] L. Labadze, M. Grigolia, and L. Machaidze, “Role of AI chatbots in education: systematic literature review,” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 56, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s41239-023-00426-1.
[2] L. Garcia Garcia, S. H. Emile, L. Linkeshwaran, A. Wignakumar, and S. D. Wexner, “A literature review on the role of artificial intelligence–based chatbots in patient education in colorectal surgery,” Surgery, vol. 183, p. 109393, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2025.109393.
[3] A. Gregorac, B. Brünner, and M. Ebner, Chatbots in Education: A Systematic Rapid Literature Review. 2025.
[4] P. Wangdi and S. Pelden, “The Role of AI Chatbots in Student Learning: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Digital Learning and Education, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 100–112, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.52562/jdle.v5i2.1694.
[5] C. W. Okonkwo and A. Ade-Ibijola, “Chatbots applications in education: A systematic review,” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, p. 100033, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033.
[6] A. Fageeh, “The rise of chatbots in higher education: Exploring user profiles, motivations, and integration strategies,” Social Sciences & Humanities Open, vol. 12, p. 101996, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101996.
[7] N. Hadinejad, K. Sperling, and C. McGrath, “Generative AI Chatbots in Higher Education: Student experiences and perceived ethical challenges,” Computers and Education Open, p. 100311, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100311.
[8] J. Chen et al., “Natural Language Processing Chatbot–Based Interventions for Improvement of Diet, Physical Activity, and Tobacco Smoking Behaviors: Systematic Review,” JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, vol. 13, pp. e66403–e66403, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.2196/66403.
[9] S. N. Yahaya, M. H. Bakar, J. Jabar, M. M. Abdullah, and Y. Segaran, “Evaluating Students Acceptance of AI Chatbot to Enhance Virtual Collaborative Learning in Malaysia,” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 209–219, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.18280/ijsdp.190119.
[10] L. Labadze, M. Grigolia, and L. Machaidze, “Role of AI chatbots in education: systematic literature review,” International journal of Educational Technology in Higher education, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 56, 2023.
[11] N. Sandu and E. Gide, “Adoption of AI-Chatbots to enhance student learning experience in higher education in India,” in 2019 18th international conference on information technology based higher education and training (ITHET), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–5.
[12] M. D. La Roca, M. M. Chan, A. Garcia‐Cabot, E. Garcia‐Lopez, and H. Amado‐Salvatierra, “The impact of a chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement,” Computer Applications in Engineering Education, vol. 32, no. 5, p. e22750, 2024.
[13] K. Trimmer, J. Donovan, and N. Flegg, “Educational innovation: Challenges of conducting and applying research in schools,” in Curriculum, schooling and applied research: Challenges and tensions for researchers, Springer, 2020, pp. 1–17.
[14] A. Schmitt, T. Wambsganss, and J. M. Leimeister, “Conversational agents for information retrieval in the education domain: A user-centered design investigation,” Proc ACM Hum Comput Interact, vol. 6, no. CSCW2, pp. 1–22, 2022.
[15] S. M. Ojetunde, “Learning from learners: a mixed-methods assessment of implementation of artificial intelligence curriculum at secondary schools,” EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 5, pp. 35–49, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.21303/2504-5571.2024.003458.
[16] S. N. Akinwalere and V. Ivanov, “Artificial intelligence in higher education: Challenges and opportunities,” Border Crossing, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 1, 2022.
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