ORDINA is committed to the highest standards of publication ethics and follows the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The duties below apply to all parties involved in publishing.

Duties of Editors

• Evaluate manuscripts on intellectual content only, regardless of the authors' race, gender, religion, nationality or affiliation.
• Keep all submitted material confidential and never use unpublished data for their own research.
• Declare and avoid any conflict of interest when handling a manuscript.
• Investigate allegations of misconduct and publish corrections, retractions or expressions of concern when needed.

Duties of Reviewers

• Review objectively, with clear arguments and constructive feedback.
• Treat manuscripts as confidential documents and decline if there is a conflict of interest.
• Point out relevant published work that has not been cited, and report any substantial similarity with other works.
• Complete reviews on time or notify the editor promptly.

Duties of Authors

• Submit original work that has not been published or is not under review elsewhere.
• Report data accurately; fabrication, falsification and plagiarism are unacceptable.
• List as authors only those who made significant contributions, and acknowledge all funding sources.
• Disclose any conflict of interest and the use of generative AI tools in preparing the manuscript; AI tools cannot be listed as authors.
• Notify the editor promptly of any significant error found after submission or publication.
• Obtain ethical approval or informed consent for research involving human subjects or personal data.